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This Orthographic Mapping Tool (the Code Mapping Tool) offers a visual representation of the 'grapheme to phoneme' correspondences in words, aligned with the British IPA. This segmentation can be incredibly difficult for students with poor phonemic awareness, for example dyslexic students, and so the ability to map words using the tool offers useful guidance.
As those who use 'orthographic mapping' are often not aware of the processes occurring quickly and effortlessly the tool can also help teachers to 'see' what they have already mastered, and discuss the complexities of an opaque orthography that cannot be explicitly taught - there are over 300 correspondences. Use the Spelling Clouds to show all correspondences as a Speech Sound Wall - and 'ready-mapped' texts for early readers. Resources published by The Reading Hut.
A theory of how children progress through different phases of reading should be an asset to parents and teachers; they can monitor and structure the stage of progress of the developing reader. This is easier with a tool that helps them to see the grapheme to phoneme correspondences. Training is offered to schools and also adapted for parents, in order that they may better support their children at home.
Orthographic Mapping can be considered the final 'phase' of reading, that takes place without conscious thought. In literacy, orthography refers to writing words with the proper letters in the correct order according to accepted usage. Fluent reading requires you to have orthographic recognition; accurate spelling requires you to have orthographic recall. Orthographic mapping is the process competent readers use to store written words so that in future encounters with that word or similar letter strings they are able to automatically recall that word or letter string without needing to go through the decoding process again. In this sense, a 'sight word' is one that is instantly recognised. When a word is (phonics) decoded, which can only occur with good phonemic awareness (awareness of the smallest units of spoken sounds in the word) and well-developed 'code knowledge' the student can link this to other similar word patterns already stored in long-term memory.
Orthographic mapping (OM) involves the formation of letter-sound connections to bond the spellings, pronunciations, and meanings of specific words in memory. It explains how children learn to read words by sight, to spell words from memory, and to acquire vocabulary words from print. This development is portrayed by Ehri (2005a) as a sequence of overlapping phases, each characterized by the predominant type of connection linking spellings of words to their pronunciations in memory. During development, the connections improve in quality and word-learning value, from visual non-alphabetic, to partial alphabetic, to full grapho-phonemic, to consolidated grapho-syllabic and grapho-morphemic. OM is enabled by phonemic awareness and grapheme-phoneme knowledge.
Read more about Orthographic Learning on the Reading Hut Ltd web site, and connect with 'Miss Emma ', The Reading Whisperer. Emma Hartnell-Baker is proudly neurodivergent, with a passion for 'mapping' and teaches 2,3 and 4 year old neurodivergent children to read, or at least have 'Reading Ready Brains' when they start school. She uses Monster Mapping (Phoneme Mapping) Code Mapping, Morpheme Mapping, Orthographic Mapping...!